Measles is caused by a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. Infection begins in the nasopharyngeal epithelium and less commonly through the conjunctivae. Transmission of measles is primarily via respiratory droplets and less commonly by small particle aerosols. The incubation period is around 10 to 14 days. The virus enters the lymph nodes and lymphatics and multiplies within the reticuloendothelial system which results in subsequent viremia.

The virus is then disseminates to multiple lymphoid tissues and other organs, including the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Immunity to measles is mediated by cell-mediated, humoral, and mucosal responses. Measles antibodies are responsible for protection from future infection or re-infection in the course of life. The classical features of measles are fever and cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis.

The pathognomonic spots called as, Koplik spots, that are usually prodromal in nature and presents with punctuate, gray-white to erythematous papules spread on the buccal mucosa in the posterior molar region. It begins on the face especially the forehead, hairline, and behind the ears, and spreads downward onto the trunk and extremities.

Consult our doctor for treatment.

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